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Glutathione peroxidase 4 is associated with neuromelanin in substantia nigra and dystrophic axons in putamen of Parkinsons brain

glutathione plays an important role in protecting living cells from toxicity by detoxifying the reactive intermediates via enzymatic conjugation

The gutbrain axis involves bidirectional communication via the vagus nerve, HPA axis, and microbial metabolites, with gut enterochromaffin cells producing approximately 90% of the bodys serotonin (Yano et al., 2015)

Nitro fatty acids Nitro-fatty acids (NO 2 -FAs) are endogenous signalling mediators with strong anti-fibrotic and anti-inflammatory activities [286], able to promote NRF2 activation through the interaction and reversible post-translational modification of C273 and C288 present in the stress sensing domain (IVR) of KEAP1 [287]