Century of Humiliation 1839-1949: The Exploitation of China Consignment 第三章： 心靈平靜

第三章： 心靈平靜

and been on the frontlines of territorial disputes with Japan

with Japan’s surrender

Kapitalismus und Todestrieb

Century of Humiliation 1839-1949: The Exploitation of China Consignment 第三章： 心靈平靜From 1839 to 1949, Imperial and Republican China was ruthlessly subjected to territorial, economic and political exploitation by Europe, Japan and the United States. This unrelenting series of shattering blows was to become known as the Century of Humiliation. These indignities were achieved through a combination of threats, intimidation and wars that yielded a series of Unequal Treaties. They granted territorial concessions, extraterritorial rights