Oral supplements must first pass through the digestive tract, where a portion of the active compound can be degraded or poorly absorbed, especially if gastrointestinal issues are present
doi: 10.1210/en.2007-1292 Summary Keywords GLP-1, DPP-4, fracture, diabetes, bone, osteoporosis, antidiabetic, glucose-lowering drugs Citation Al-Mashhadi ZK, Viggers R, Fuglsang-Nielsen R, Vestergaard P, Gregersen S and Starup-Linde J (2022) The risk of major osteoporotic fractures with GLP-1 receptor agonists when compared to DPP-4 inhibitors: A Danish nationwide cohort study
Stacking these agents without baseline cardiac assessment creates cumulative stress on the cardiovascular system, which regulators and most clinical guidelines currently discourage
Chang J, Wu Q, Wang G