To ensure correct understanding and associations of the items as well as linguistic and grammatical quality, the survey was pretested in several steps by experts from the Institute for Teachers' Health and the Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine of the University of Mainz as well as a small sample of teachers
The PS-ECDI is a 10-item questionnaire that asks about the frequency, intensity and motivation to consume, withdrawal development, and, nally, diculty in quitting
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The study of the interactions between the embarrassment taking out a pack of cigarettes in plain sight and each other variable of the model highlighted that the embarrassment felt was associated in different ways with motivation to quit, generated by the appearance of the pack for the following two characteristics: Occupational status (p-interaction=0.016): among employed, retirees, students, and other inactive persons, embarrassment was associated with greater motivation (OR=5.0